ADVERB
1) Adverbs are used to describe verbs. Generally, adverbs tell :
Ø tell how an action takes place:
· quickly, slowly, lazily, higher, lower, nicely, patiently
Ø describe when something happens:
· soon, yesterday, now, today, always, never often
Ø describe where something happens:
· here, there, inside, outside, around, through, beneath
2)Adverbs are also used to describe adjectives :
· That ice cream is extremely delicious
· The politician’s speech was terribly obnoxious
3)The other use of adverbs is to describe another adverbs
· The guards checks our student cards meticulously carefully
· We jumped frantically happily because the class was cancelled
TYPES ADVERB
1)Adverbs of manner – answer the question HOW
· He laughed hysterically at me
How did he laugh? (hysterically)
· Kim drives her new Bentley recklessly
How does she drive? (recklessly)
*Other examples :happily, readily, tidily, cautiously, funnily, irritatingly, nervously, foolishly, beautifully, justly
2)Adverbs of place – answer the question WHERE
· Willy Wonka lives there
Where does Willy Wonka live? (there)
· Charlie found Willy Wonka chocolate bar here
Where did Charlie find Willy Wonka chocolate bar? (here)
*Other examples: anywhere, around, behind, elsewhere, everywhere, hereabout, inside, outside, somewhere
3) Adverbs of time – answer the question WHEN
· I went to Willy Wonka’s chocolate factory yesterday
when did I go to Willy Wonka’s chocolate factory? (yesterday)
· Willy Wonka will hand over the golden ticket immediately
When will Willy Wonka hand over the golden ticket? (immediately)
*Other examples :instantly, nowadays, tonight, now, lately, hereafter, tomorrow, temporarily, soon, recently, presently
4) Adverbs of degree – answer the question TO WHAT EXTENT
· The class was almost empty when I came
To what extent was the class empty when I came? (almost empty)
· I can hardly wait for her
To what extent can I wait for her? (hardly)
Other examples : nearly, absolutely, greatly, enough, partly, totally, altogether, extensively
5) Adverbs of frequency – answer the question HOW OFTEN
· Willy Wonka rarely goes out of his chocolate factory
How often does Willy Wonka go out? (rarely)
·
Willy Wonka never shaves his moustache
How often does Willy Wonka shave his moustache? (never)
*Other examples : usually, frequently, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, never, generally, ever, hardly ever, regularly, hourly, annually, monthly
PREPOSITION
o Preposition are a class of words that indicate relationships between nouns, pronouns and other words in a sentence.
o They usually located before a noun.
TYPES OF PREPOSITION
1)Simple Prepositions
Simple prepositions are single word prepositions.
e.g : The book is on the table.
2) Compound Prepositions
Compound prepositions are more than one word such as in between, because of, in front of and on behalf of.
e.g : The book is in front of the clock.
3)
3 Preposition of time
PREPOSITION | USAGE |
On | Days of the week |
In | · Month · Time of day · Year |
Since | From a certain point of time |
To | Telling the time |
Ago | Certain time in the past |
4) Preposition of place
PREPOSITION | USAGE |
In | · room,building,street · book, paper
|
At | · meaning next to, by an object · for events · place where you are to do something typical (watch a film, work)
|
On | · attached · being on a surface · for a certain side
|
Under | · on the ground, lower than / covered by something else |
Above | · Higher than something else, but not directly over it |
From | · In the sense of where from |
Into | · Enter a room / building
|
Toward | · Movement in the direction of something (but not directly to it)
|
Onto | · Movement to the top of something
|
CONJUNCTION
~ Conjunctions connect words or groups of words.
~ Unlike prepositions, conjunctions don’t have objects. Rather, they serve as a way to show a relationship between two words.
TYPES OF CONJUNCTION
1)
Coordinating Conjunction
Connect words of the same kind, such as nouns, pronouns, verbs, prepositional phrases, or sentence
n And
n But
n For
n Nor
n Or
n So
n Yet
2)
Correlative Conjunction
Similar to coordinating conjunctions in that they connect the same type of words, but work in pairs.
a. both…and
b. either/neither….or
c. not only…..but also
d. whether.....or
3 Subordinating Conjunction
Connect things which are not equal. One is less important (subordinate) than the other.
E.g:
1 - Because it rained all day, our basement filled up with water.
2 - did the planning after he made reservations.
A long time ago
